Reilly's book "Milestones in Computer Science and Information Technology" (Greenwood Press, 2003).Ĭomputer operators program the ENIAC, the first automatic, general-purpose, electronic, decimal, digital computer computer, by plugging and unplugging cables and adjusting switches (Image credit: Getty / Historical) (opens in new tab)ġ946: Mauchly and Presper leave the University of Pennsylvania and receive funding from the Census Bureau to build the UNIVAC, the first commercial computer for business and government applications.ġ947: William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain of Bell Laboratories invent the transistor. The machine is the first "automatic, general-purpose, electronic, decimal, digital computer," according to Edwin D. Presper Eckert, design and build the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC). This marks the first time a computer is able to store information on its main memory, and is capable of performing one operation every 15 seconds, according to the book " Birthing the Computer (opens in new tab)" (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016)ġ945: Two professors at the University of Pennsylvania, John Mauchly and J. Zuse fled the German capital after the defeat of Nazi Germany and later released the world's first commercial digital computer, the Z4, in 1950, according to O'Regan.ġ941: Atanasoff and his graduate student, Clifford Berry, design the first digital electronic computer in the U.S., called the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC). The machine was destroyed during a bombing raid on Berlin during World War II. The pair decide the name of their new company by the toss of a coin, and Hewlett-Packard's first headquarters are in Packard's garage, according to MIT.ġ941: German inventor and engineer Konrad Zuse completes his Z3 machine, the world's earliest digital computer, according to Gerard O'Regan's book " A Brief History of Computing (opens in new tab)" (Springer, 2021). (Image credit: Getty / David Paul Morris) (opens in new tab)ġ939: David Packard and Bill Hewlett found the Hewlett Packard Company in Palo Alto, California. The newly renovated garage where in 1939 Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard started their business, Hewlett Packard, in Palo Alto, California. Turing is later involved in the development of the Turing-Welchman Bombe, an electro-mechanical device designed to decipher Nazi codes during World War II, according to the UK's National Museum of Computing (opens in new tab).ġ937: John Vincent Atanasoff, a professor of physics and mathematics at Iowa State University, submits a grant proposal to build the first electric-only computer, without using gears, cams, belts or shafts. The central concept of the modern computer is based on his ideas. Turing machines are capable of computing anything that is computable. Early 20th centuryġ931: At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Vannevar Bush invents and builds the Differential Analyzer, the first large-scale automatic general-purpose mechanical analog computer, according to Stanford University (opens in new tab).ġ936: Alan Turing, a British scientist and mathematician, presents the principle of a universal machine, later called the Turing machine, in a paper called "On Computable Numbers…" according to Chris Bernhardt's book " Turing's Vision (opens in new tab)" (The MIT Press, 2017). taxpayer approximately $5 million, according to Columbia University (opens in new tab) Hollerith later establishes a company that will eventually become International Business Machines Corporation ( IBM). The machine, saves the government several years of calculations, and the U.S. Merzbach's book, " Georg Scheutz and the First Printing Calculator (opens in new tab)" (Smithsonian Institution Press, 1977).ġ890: Herman Hollerith designs a punch-card system to help calculate the 1890 U.S. The machine is significant for being the first to "compute tabular differences and print the results," according to Uta C. (Image credit: Getty / Science & Society Picture Library) (opens in new tab)ġ853: Swedish inventor Per Georg Scheutz and his son Edvard design the world's first printing calculator. This is a portion of the mill with a printing mechanism. Famed mathematician Charles Babbage designed a Victorian-era computer called the Analytical Engine.
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